Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

1. What should I do if a debt collector is harassing me with phone calls?
You can file a complaint with the Consumer Protection Commission (CPC) and report to the police/prosecutor’s office if the calls contain threats or extortion.

2. Can a debt collector sue me in an arbitration court?
No. According to Art. 19, para. 1 of the Civil Procedure Code (CPC), arbitration is not allowed when one of the parties is a consumer. Arbitration awards against consumers are null and void.

3. How can I check if there is an enforcement case against me?
By requesting information from a bailiff or through the Unified Information System of Bailiffs (EISPP). Since 01.05.2023, the fee for such a check is BGN 24 (incl. VAT).

4. When is a debt extinguished by limitation (statute of limitations)?
The general limitation period is 5 years (Art. 110 of the Obligations and Contracts Act), and 3 years for rent, interest, and periodic payments (Art. 111). The court applies limitation only if the debtor expressly raises it.

5. Can the actions of a bailiff be appealed?
Yes. Under Art. 435 CPC, the debtor may appeal actions such as seizure, inventory, attachment, or refusal to lift a measure within one week before the regional (district) court.

6. Can debt collectors freeze my bank accounts?
Not directly. Only a bailiff can impose a freeze based on an enforceable writ of execution. Collectors themselves have no such powers.

7. Which incomes are exempt from seizure?
According to Art. 444 CPC – social benefits, disability pensions, child allowances, alimony, and part of wages are non-attachable.

8. What should I do if a collector processes my personal data without consent?
You can file a complaint with the Commission for Personal Data Protection (CPDP) – Sofia, Prof. Tsvetan Lazarov Blvd. 2, or online at cpdp.bg.

9. What does “natural obligation” mean when the limitation period has expired?
After the limitation period expires, the debt remains a moral obligation but cannot be enforced through court. If you still pay voluntarily, the amount cannot be reclaimed.

10. Do I need a lawyer in a dispute with a collector?
It is highly recommended. Deadlines for appeals are short, and a lawyer specializing in enforcement proceedings can protect your rights and save you money.