{"id":3326,"date":"2026-10-02T11:25:58","date_gmt":"2026-10-02T08:25:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tomovi.org\/?p=3326"},"modified":"2026-10-04T21:44:44","modified_gmt":"2026-10-04T18:44:44","slug":"%d0%b7%d0%b1%d0%bf%d0%bf%d0%bc%d0%bd-%d0%b2%d1%8a%d0%b7%d0%bf%d0%b8%d1%82%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%bb%d0%bd%d0%b8-%d0%bc%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%ba%d0%b8-%d0%b7%d0%b0-%d0%bc%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%b5%d1%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tomovi.org\/en\/%d0%b7%d0%b1%d0%bf%d0%bf%d0%bc%d0%bd-%d0%b2%d1%8a%d0%b7%d0%bf%d0%b8%d1%82%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%bb%d0%bd%d0%b8-%d0%bc%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%ba%d0%b8-%d0%b7%d0%b0-%d0%bc%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%b5%d1%82\/","title":{"rendered":"Juvenile Delinquency Act: Educational Measures for Children and Adolescents"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0417\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u044a\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u0431\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0443 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\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e, \u0432\u044a\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e.<\/p>\n<h2>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e?<\/h2>\n<p>\u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044a\u043f\u044f\u0442 \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0441\u044a\u0434\u0430, \u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435\u0442\u043e, \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0441\u044f\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0441\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0441 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 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\u043f\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b;<\/li>\n<li>\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435;<\/li>\n<li>\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u044a\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430 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\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0412\u0440\u044a\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<\/h2>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u044a\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d, \u0438\u0437\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043b \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0441\u044a\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044a\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u041d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441 \u0438 \u041d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441. \u0417\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u044a\u0442 \u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u044a\u043b\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0438, \u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u0434\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u041d\u041f\u041a.<\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u043b. 61 \u043e\u0442 \u041d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0440\u044a\u0442 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0434\u044a\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438, \u0447\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043f\u044a\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0435 \u043f\u043e-\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u044f\u0440\u043a\u0430. \u0422\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u2013 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e, \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0412\u044a\u0437\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u044f\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u044a\u0434\u0430 \u043b\u0438 \u0435?<\/h2>\n<p>\u041d\u0435. \u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0435 \u043e\u0441\u044a\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u044a\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0441\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442. \u0422\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0430, \u0447\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0422\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0437\u043e\u0440, \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0441\u044a\u0434\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0430 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e.<\/p>\n<h2>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e?<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0430.<\/li>\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044a\u043f \u0434\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438.<\/li>\n<li>\u0421\u044a\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435, \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433, \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0440, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f.<\/li>\n<li>\u041d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0446\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435.<\/li>\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u0442\u044a\u0440\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0430\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u044a\u0436\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e-\u0442\u0435\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u044f\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u041e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mvr.bg\/nspp\/%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%82\/%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B0\/%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8-%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5-%D0%B8-%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0417\u0411\u041f\u041f\u041c\u041d \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u2013 \u041c\u0412\u0420<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/justice.government.bg\/home\/normdoc\/1589654529\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u041d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441 \u2013 \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u044a\u0434\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/justice.government.bg\/home\/normdoc\/2135512224\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u041d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441 \u2013 \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u044a\u0434\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/justice.government.bg\/home\/normdoc\/2134925825\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0417\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d \u0437\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e \u2013 \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u044a\u0434\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>\u041f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0435 \u0441\u044a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0432\u0440\u0438 2026 \u0433. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d \u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0441 \u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0410\u043a\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d \u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0441, \u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u044a\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442 \u0441 \u0430\u0434\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0442, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0449 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e <a href=\"https:\/\/tomovi.org\/%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%82%d0%b0%d0%ba%d1%82%d0%b8\/\">\u0430\u0434\u0432. \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0422\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432<\/a> \u043e\u0442 \u0412\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0430\u0434\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u044f.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0449\u0435:<\/strong> \u041f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/tomovi.org\/%d0%bd%d0%b0%d0%ba%d0%b0%d0%b7%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%8f-%d0%b7%d0%b0-%d0%bc%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%b5%d1%82%d0%bd%d0%b8-%d0%b8-%d0%bd%d0%b5%d0%bf%d1%8a%d0%bb%d0%bd%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%b5%d1%82%d0%bd\/\">\u201e\u041c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u044a\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d \u2013 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442, \u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u201c<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The Bulgarian Juvenile Delinquency Act (ZBPPMN) establishes a special framework for prevention and intervention when a child commits an antisocial act. These proceedings are not equivalent to criminal proceedings, and an educational measure is not a conviction. Nevertheless, the consequences may be serious, so children and their parents should understand their rights and respond promptly.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Important:<\/strong> this publication provides general information. The assessment of a particular case depends on the child&#8217;s age, the act committed, the evidence collected, and the family and social environment.<\/p>\n<h2>What does the Juvenile Delinquency Act regulate?<\/h2>\n<p>The main purpose of the Act is to prevent antisocial behaviour by children and to support their proper development and upbringing. It establishes bodies and procedures for clarifying the facts, the causes of the behaviour, and the most appropriate educational response.<\/p>\n<p>The system includes the Central and Local Commissions for Combating Juvenile Delinquency, child pedagogical units, public educators, the Ministry of Interior, the prosecution service and the courts. Child-protection authorities, schools and social-service providers may also become involved where necessary.<\/p>\n<h2>Children under and over the age of 14<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>A <strong>child under 14<\/strong> is a person who has not reached the age of 14.<\/li>\n<li>A <strong>minor aged 14 to 17<\/strong> is a person from the age of 14 until reaching 18.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A child under 14 is not criminally liable, but educational measures may be imposed. A person aged 14 to 17 may be criminally liable only if they were able to understand the nature and significance of the act and control their conduct. Under certain conditions, the prosecutor or court may refer the matter for educational measures instead of criminal prosecution.<\/p>\n<h2>What is an \u201cantisocial act\u201d?<\/h2>\n<p>The Act uses this term for conduct that is socially dangerous and unlawful or contrary to morality and accepted standards of behaviour. In practice, this may include theft, damage to property, violence, repeated aggression, the use or distribution of prohibited substances, and other acts affecting public order or the rights of others.<\/p>\n<p>Not every breach of school discipline automatically constitutes an antisocial act. A specific assessment is required of the facts, the seriousness of the conduct, the child&#8217;s age and individual circumstances.<\/p>\n<h2>How are educational proceedings initiated?<\/h2>\n<p>Materials concerning an alleged act may be sent to the local commission by the police, prosecution service, court, school, social services, other institutions or private individuals. Before a decision is made, the facts and the circumstances relating to the child and their environment must be clarified.<\/p>\n<p>The child and their parents or caregivers must be notified of the proceedings and given a genuine opportunity to participate. They may submit documents, witnesses and other evidence, state their position, and challenge inaccurate allegations.<\/p>\n<h2>What educational measures may be imposed?<\/h2>\n<p>The Act provides measures of varying severity, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>a warning;<\/li>\n<li>requiring the child to apologise to the injured person;<\/li>\n<li>participation in counselling, training and programmes aimed at overcoming behavioural problems;<\/li>\n<li>placement under the educational supervision of parents, a guardian or custodian, or a public educator;<\/li>\n<li>restrictions relating to particular places, contacts or behaviour;<\/li>\n<li>community service by a person aged 14 to 17 under the conditions prescribed by law;<\/li>\n<li>placement in a social-pedagogical boarding school or correctional boarding school, only where the statutory conditions are met and by court order.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The exact type and duration of the measure depend on the circumstances. The purpose is not formal punishment but behavioural correction, support and prevention of further misconduct.<\/p>\n<h2>How is the appropriate measure selected?<\/h2>\n<p>The individual assessment should take account of the child&#8217;s age and maturity, the nature and seriousness of the act, its causes, previous conduct, the family environment, school engagement and the need for specialised support. A more restrictive measure should not be used where the objective can be achieved through a lighter and more suitable intervention.<\/p>\n<p>Up-to-date information from the school, social services, a psychologist or a doctor may be particularly important. A well-prepared defence does not merely dispute whether the act occurred; it presents a complete picture of the child&#8217;s circumstances and a workable support plan.<\/p>\n<h2>What rights do the child and parents have?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>to be informed of the case and the scheduled hearing;<\/li>\n<li>to review the relevant materials in accordance with the law;<\/li>\n<li>to be heard and present their version of events;<\/li>\n<li>to submit evidence and make objections;<\/li>\n<li>to receive legal assistance and representation where permitted or required by law;<\/li>\n<li>to appeal decisions under the applicable procedure and within the prescribed time limits.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Time limits for challenging a decision may be short. A summons, decision or court document should therefore be reviewed without delay.<\/p>\n<h2>Placement in a boarding institution \u2014 the most serious measure<\/h2>\n<p>Placement in a social-pedagogical boarding school or correctional boarding school has the most serious impact on a child&#8217;s daily life and liberty. A local commission cannot make a final placement order on its own; court proceedings are required. The court examines the statutory grounds, hears the participants and assesses whether a less restrictive measure would be sufficient.<\/p>\n<p>Legal representation is particularly important in such proceedings. Both the evidence concerning the alleged act and the current assessment of the child&#8217;s needs and opportunities for support in a family environment should be examined.<\/p>\n<h2>Relationship with criminal proceedings<\/h2>\n<p>Where a person aged 14 to 17 commits an act constituting a criminal offence, criminal proceedings may be conducted under the special rules of the Criminal Code and the Criminal Procedure Code. Defence counsel is mandatory in the cases prescribed by law, and the parent or guardian is entitled to be informed and to participate under the conditions of the Criminal Procedure Code.<\/p>\n<p>Where the requirements of Article 61 of the Criminal Code are met, the prosecutor or court may consider educational measures more appropriate than criminal liability. This is not automatic; the nature of the act, the child&#8217;s personality and the likelihood that educational intervention will achieve its purpose must be assessed.<\/p>\n<h2>Is an educational measure a conviction?<\/h2>\n<p>No. A decision in educational proceedings is not a criminal conviction and does not in itself create a criminal record. This does not mean the proceedings are insignificant. They may lead to supervision, restrictions, participation in programmes or court-ordered placement, and the information in the case may be relevant to a later assessment of conduct.<\/p>\n<h2>How should you respond to a summons or pending proceedings?<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Check which authority is handling the file and the specific act alleged.<\/li>\n<li>Request timely access to the relevant materials.<\/li>\n<li>Collect documents from the school, a psychologist, social service or doctor where relevant.<\/li>\n<li>Do not underestimate the child&#8217;s explanations and do not sign documents you do not understand.<\/li>\n<li>Seek legal advice before the hearing, especially if a more serious measure or parallel criminal proceedings are being considered.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Official sources<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mvr.bg\/nspp\/%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%82\/%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B0\/%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8-%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5-%D0%B8-%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Juvenile Delinquency Act and related legislation \u2014 Ministry of Interior<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/justice.government.bg\/home\/normdoc\/1589654529\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Criminal Code \u2014 Ministry of Justice<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/justice.government.bg\/home\/normdoc\/2135512224\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Criminal Procedure Code \u2014 Ministry of Justice<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/justice.government.bg\/home\/normdoc\/2134925825\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Child Protection Act \u2014 Ministry of Justice<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>This publication reflects the legal framework in force as of October 2026. Each individual case requires a specific legal assessment.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>If you need advice concerning a similar matter, you may contact a lawyer practising criminal law, such as attorney Mihail Tomov of the Varna Bar Association.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A practical guide to proceedings and educational measures under the Bulgarian Juvenile Delinquency Act, the rights of children and parents, and links with criminal liability.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3326","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tomovi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3326","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tomovi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tomovi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tomovi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tomovi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3326"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/tomovi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3326\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3492,"href":"https:\/\/tomovi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3326\/revisions\/3492"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tomovi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3326"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tomovi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3326"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tomovi.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3326"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}