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Although the Criminal Code contains provisions regulating unauthorized access to computer systems, unlawful use of data, computer fraud, and other offenses committed through digital technologies, a significant portion of modern cyber-offenses does not fall within any existing legal definition. New forms of criminal activity have emerged that the law does not foresee: digital identity theft, criminal deepfake content, illegal cryptocurrency mining through compromised devices, mass cloning of online profiles, systematic website disruption through automated networks, fraudulent online platforms, and manipulation of biometric data.<\/p>\n
When clear and specific criminal law provisions are absent, offenders effectively remain beyond the reach of justice. Investigating such crimes requires precise legal definitions, proper procedural tools, and specialized expertise. Currently, investigative authorities often encounter situations where the criminal conduct is evident, yet no suitable legal provision exists to classify it, or the wording is so general that criminal liability is difficult to enforce. This results in low detection rates, lack of prevention, and a prevailing sense of impunity in the digital environment.<\/p>\n
Bulgaria has an initial regulatory framework, but it is no longer adequate for today\u2019s cybercrime landscape. New criminal provisions are necessary to address digital identity, deepfake fraud, automated network attacks, and offenses committed through fraudulent online platforms. Systematic training for investigative authorities and enhanced international cooperation with specialized agencies are also essential.<\/p>\n