{"id":2036,"date":"2025-04-09T11:47:14","date_gmt":"2025-04-09T08:47:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tomovi.org\/?p=2036"},"modified":"2026-04-18T14:49:27","modified_gmt":"2026-04-18T11:49:27","slug":"%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b7%d1%81%d0%bb%d0%b5%d0%b4%d0%b2%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b5-%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%bc%d0%bf%d1%8e%d1%82%d1%8a%d1%80%d0%bd%d0%b8-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b5%d1%81%d1%82%d1%8a%d0%bf%d0%bb%d0%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tomovi.org\/en\/%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b7%d1%81%d0%bb%d0%b5%d0%b4%d0%b2%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b5-%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%bc%d0%bf%d1%8e%d1%82%d1%8a%d1%80%d0%bd%d0%b8-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b5%d1%81%d1%82%d1%8a%d0%bf%d0%bb%d0%b5\/","title":{"rendered":"Investigation of Computer Crimes in Bulgarian Law: Current State, Challenges, and the Need for Legislative Innovation"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3387\" data-end=\"3900\">Computer crimes are among the fastest-growing and most cross-border forms of criminal activity. They range from unlawful access to information systems and theft of personal data to complex fraud schemes, data encryption with ransom demands, manipulation of financial transactions, and distribution of malicious software. The challenge for Bulgarian law enforcement is not only to identify offenders but also to act in real time, in conditions of lacking territorial and technological predictability.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3902\" data-end=\"4508\">The investigation of computer crimes in Bulgaria is based on Chapter Nine \u201ca\u201d of the Criminal Code (Arts. 319a\u2013319e) and the general provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code. Competent authorities are investigative police officers and investigators under the supervision of the prosecution. In cases of higher public danger or international dimension, the investigation is assigned to specialized units within the General Directorate for Combating Organized Crime \u2013 Cybercrime Sector of the Ministry of Interior, staffed with experts in information security, digital forensics, and operational analysis.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4510\" data-end=\"4537\"><strong data-start=\"4510\" data-end=\"4535\">Practical challenges:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4538\" data-end=\"4899\">\n<li data-start=\"4538\" data-end=\"4618\">\n<p data-start=\"4540\" data-end=\"4618\">Perpetrators\u2019 anonymity (VPN, Tor, encrypted communications, fake profiles);<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4619\" data-end=\"4703\">\n<p data-start=\"4621\" data-end=\"4703\">Fragility and manipulability of digital evidence requiring immediate collection;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4704\" data-end=\"4760\">\n<p data-start=\"4706\" data-end=\"4760\">Shortage of forensic experts in digital criminology;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4761\" data-end=\"4813\">\n<p data-start=\"4763\" data-end=\"4813\">Limited technical capacity in small settlements;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4814\" data-end=\"4899\">\n<p data-start=\"4816\" data-end=\"4899\">Dependence on foreign platforms and providers requiring international procedures.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4901\" data-end=\"5173\">According to public reports by the prosecution and the Ministry of Interior, detection rates of cybercrimes in Bulgaria remain low, particularly for complex and cross-border attacks. Many victims do not report due to lack of awareness, fear, or distrust in institutions.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5175\" data-end=\"5495\"><strong data-start=\"5175\" data-end=\"5190\">Conclusion:<\/strong><br data-start=\"5190\" data-end=\"5193\" \/>The investigation of computer crimes in Bulgaria faces both legal and organizational challenges. Despite the existence of a legal framework, effectiveness is hindered by lack of resources and expertise. Legislative and institutional innovations are necessary to respond adequately to digital threats.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5497\" data-end=\"5684\">If you or your relative is a victim of a computer crime, it is best to consult a criminal law attorney. This article does not constitute legal advice or opinion from Atty. 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