{"id":2006,"date":"2025-03-28T13:10:15","date_gmt":"2025-03-28T11:10:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tomovi.org\/?p=2006"},"modified":"2026-11-14T00:52:13","modified_gmt":"2026-11-13T22:52:13","slug":"%d0%b7%d0%b0%d0%b2%d0%b7%d0%b5%d0%bc%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b5-%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d0%be%d0%b1%d1%89%d0%b8-%d1%87%d0%b0%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b8-%d0%b8-%d0%bd%d0%b5%d0%b4%d0%be%d0%bf%d1%83%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tomovi.org\/en\/%d0%b7%d0%b0%d0%b2%d0%b7%d0%b5%d0%bc%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b5-%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d0%be%d0%b1%d1%89%d0%b8-%d1%87%d0%b0%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b8-%d0%b8-%d0%bd%d0%b5%d0%b4%d0%be%d0%bf%d1%83%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b5\/","title":{"rendered":"Occupation of common areas and exclusion of co-owners: recovering possession under Article 108 of the Ownership Act"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Disputes over the use of common areas often arise in joint ownership, particularly where several people own real estate together. One of the most serious problems is the <strong>unlawful occupation of common areas<\/strong> by one co-owner who <strong>prevents the other co-owners from using them<\/strong>. Where ownership rights have been infringed in this way, a co-owner may bring an <strong>action to recover possession under Article 108 of the Ownership Act<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Under Article 108, an owner may demand that anyone holding or possessing their property <strong>without legal grounds<\/strong> deliver it up. The action is also available between co-owners where <strong>one excludes the others from joint use<\/strong> of the shared property or part of it.<\/p>\n<p>According to the case law, including the settled practice of the Supreme Court of Cassation, <strong>each co-owner may use the shared property in proportion to their share<\/strong>, without obstructing the others. If one co-owner makes exclusive use of a particular part and <strong>denies the others access<\/strong>, this <strong>infringes their ownership rights<\/strong> and gives them grounds to seek recovery of possession.<\/p>\n<p>In these cases the court examines:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Evidence of <strong>co-ownership<\/strong>;<\/li>\n<li>Facts showing that access to the property was <strong>denied without justification<\/strong>;<\/li>\n<li>The absence of a <strong>contractual or statutory basis<\/strong> entitling the defendant to exclude the claimant from using the property.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>An action under Article 108 is therefore available not only when an outsider entirely deprives an owner of possession, but also <strong>between co-owners<\/strong> where one co-owner\u2019s conduct <strong>effectively excludes another<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The claimant must establish that:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>They own the property or an undivided share in it;<\/li>\n<li>The defendant has exclusive possession of, or exclusively holds, part of the property;<\/li>\n<li>There are no legal grounds justifying that conduct.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>If these conditions are established, the court grants the claim and orders the defendant to <strong>allow the co-owner to use the common area<\/strong>. The judgment <strong>requires the defendant to act<\/strong>: they must deliver up possession or stop obstructing the claimant.<\/p>\n<p>An action under Article 108 of the Ownership Act is an effective remedy for co-owners excluded from using shared property. 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